Technical note – operational statistics: Properties and the risk‐averse case

Consider a repeated newsvendor problem for managing the inventory of perishable products. When the parameter of the demand distribution is unknown, it has been shown that the traditional separated estimation and optimization (SEO) approach could lead to suboptimality. To address this issue, an integrated approach called operational statistics (OS) was developed by Chu et al., Oper Res Lett 36 (2008) 110–116. In this note, we first study the properties of this approach and compare its performance with that of the traditional SEO approach. It is shown that OS is consistent and superior to SEO. The benefit of using OS is larger when the demand variability is higher. We then generalize OS to the risk‐averse case under the conditional value‐at‐risk (CVaR) criterion. To model risk from both demand sampling and future demand uncertainty, we introduce a new criterion, called the total CVaR, and find the optimal OS under this new criterion. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 62: 206–214, 2015     

Optimal pricing and scheduling control of product shipping

In this article, we seek to understand how a capacity‐constrained seller optimally prices and schedules product shipping to customers who are heterogeneous on willingness to pay (WTP) and willingness to wait (WTW). The capacity‐constrained seller does not observe each customer's WTP and WTW and knows only the aggregate distributions of WTP and WTW. The seller's problem is modeled as an M/M/N_s queueing model with multiclass customers and multidimensional information screening. We contribute to the literature by providing an optimal and efficient algorithm. Furthermore, we numerically find that customers with a larger waiting cost enjoys a higher scheduling priority, but customers with higher valuation do not necessarily get a higher scheduling priority. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 62: 215–227, 2015     

类型学语境下的屋顶生态技术

作为建筑顶部的围护结构,屋顶是室外自然环境与室内进行能量交换的重要途径,也是影响建筑能耗的主要因素之一。通过引入类型学的研究方法,提出将自然能量的交换作为屋顶生态技术的原型,挖掘出"阻止"、"过滤"和"导入"3种技术类型。结合具体工程案例,对3种技术类型的创新性策略进行深入分析与探讨,归纳总结得出较系统和完整的技术类型结论,从而为绿色建筑设计与技术选择提供参考。     

科氏流量计信号相位差测量新算法

对科氏流量计信号进行处理时,传统相位差测量算法存在较大误差。为更好地抑制频谱泄露,提高相位差测量精度,在传统DTFT算法的基础上,通过矩形窗和汉宁窗卷积运算构造出一种新窗——RHC窗。计及负频率成分的影响,提出了一种基于RHC窗的DTFT相位差测量新算法。详细阐述了新算法的原理,并与传统DTFT算法进行了对比仿真,验证了新算法的有效性。     

Data-driven research in retail operations—A review

We review the operations research/management science literature on data-driven methods in retail operations. This line of work has grown rapidly in recent years, thanks to the availability of high-quality data, improvements in computing hardware, and parallel developments in machine learning methodologies. We survey state-of-the-art studies in three core aspects of retail operations—assortment optimization, order fulfillment, and inventory management. We then conclude the paper by pointing out some interesting future research possibilities for our community.     

UCAV空面多目标攻击三维轨迹规划技术

研究了单架无人作战飞机(UCAV)攻击多个地面目标的三维轨迹规划问题。首先,将问题形式化为一类特殊的旅行商问题(TSP),即带动力学约束的邻域访问TSP问题(DCTSPN)。其次,针对规划空间维度过高、搜索代价过大的问题,提出了一种基于概率路标图(PRM)的方法。该方法借鉴了基于采样的运动规划方法的思想,并结合多种组合优化技术,将原本连续状态空间中的轨迹规划问题转化为离散拓扑图上的路由问题。求解过程分为离线预处理和在线查询两个阶段。离线阶段采用Halton拟随机采样算法及Noon-Bean转换方法,将原问题转化为经典的非对称旅行商问题(ATSP);在线阶段根据战场态势的实时变化,快速更新路标图,然后采用LKH算法在线求解问题的近似最优解。为了保证生成的飞行轨迹满足平台的运动学/动力学约束,算法基于Gauss伪谱法构建了局部轨迹规划器。最后,以攻击时间最短为优化指标对算法进行了仿真实验。结果表明,本文提出的方法能够以较高的精度和在线收敛速度生成真实可行的、较优的多目标攻击轨迹。     

培养造就高素质新型军事人才的根本指针——学习胡锦涛关于新形势下军队人才建设的重要论述

胡锦涛关于新形势下军队人才建设的重要论述,阐发和回答了新形势下军队人才建设的重大理论问题和实践问题,是我党三代领导核心人才建设思想的继承和发展.其重要论述主要体现在:把加紧培养高素质新型军事人才作为加快转变战斗力生成模式的要素和支撑;以培养"四个方面人才"为重点推进人才战略工程;在提高我军履行使命任务能力的实践中锻造新...     

作战实体概念模型结构研究

本文将动态的作战实体视为智能实体,运用系统六元抽象方法对作战实体概念模型构成要素进行分析,明确了要素之间的相互关系,并从作战实体内部的状态、结构、行为出发,提出了一种以知识系统为中心的作战实体的概念模型结构。     

以两个建设"紧密结合"为着力点加强党的先进性建设

胡总书记提出的两个建设“紧密结合”的思想,明确了新世纪加强党的建设的核心内容,是先进性建设的着力点所在。党的执政能力建设与先进性建设具有内在逻辑联系,必须充分认清两个建设“紧密结合”的重要性;两个建设“紧密结合”关系党的建设全局,必须将两个建设统一于党的建设新的伟大工程;党的执政实践是检验先进性的重要标准,必须在执政实践中加强党的先进性建设。     

柔性长鳍仿生装置波动控制技术

以“尼罗河魔鬼”柔性长鳍的波动运动为背景,主要研究了柔性长鳍仿生装置的波动控制技术。首先研究了柔性长鳍推进波产生原理及其技术实现方案;其次,针对仿生装置的实际系统建立了鳍面运动学模型,从中提取了能够实现柔性长鳍多种波动模式的波动控制参数,并对柔性长鳍几种特定波动模式的实现方法进行了仿真研究;进一步,根据仿生装置的物理约束条件提出了控制参数的合法性判据;最后,研究了柔性长鳍仿生装置的波动控制策略及其控制流程。研究结果表明柔性长鳍仿生装置通过合理设置控制参数能够模拟仿生对象的多种波动运动模式,并实现推进波的多参数控制,能够满足柔性长鳍多种波动参数下的非定常流体动力学测试的需要。